In a previous blog article on procurement best practices, we briefly touched on Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and best value. Now let’s take a closer look at these two important concepts and their impact on procurement and the supply chain. In part one, we’ll focus on Total Cost of Ownership.

Most people have made a significant purchase at some point in their lives, like a car or a home. Whether you knew it or not, you likely applied some aspect of TCO analysis when making that decision. For example, you may have first considered purchasing a used vehicle instead of a new one or renting before buying a home.

Cost is a primary concern in any purchase but TCO looks at the complete lifecycle of the purchase — taking every phase of ownership into consideration, not just the price tag. In fact, when purchasing equipment, it’s been said the initial cost represents less than 10 percent of the total cost over its lifetime

Three key components of TCO

The Purchasing & Procurement Center offers a simple definition of TCO: the difference between the purchase price and long-term cost. They also break down three key components:

1.  Acquisition costs — cost of equipment or property
2.  Operating costs — cost of utilities, labor and training
3.  Personnel cost — cost of administrative staff, equipment support and operators

Acquisition costs are often called short-term costs because they represent only the initial purchase price, not all of the long-term costs associated with the item. Those must be part of the analysis when considering alternatives in capital investments and projects, such as technology, buildings, manufacturing equipment and vehicles. TCO is a cost-benefit analysis, as defined by Julia Kagan on Investopedia, or a calculation designed to help people make more informed financial decisions.